Cyber Defense Concerns On Global Security - 983 Words

Cyber Defense Concerns in Global Security The cyber domain crosses both physical and logical borders across the globe. No longer is every aspect of a domain clearly part of a single nation. Occurrences within cyberspace has far reaching effects. 15 million T-Mobile customer’s data stolen via Experian server compromise, massive cyberattacks on Estonia and Georgia networks (2007 and 2008 respectively), and over $1 trillion reportedly lost due to cybercrime. These are just a few concerns facing global and state level security demonstrating significant concern and requirement for action. Criminal syndicates as well as other non-state and state actors use cyberspace to conduct illegal activities. In this, a common core of countries†¦show more content†¦The final concern facing global and national security is state sponsored activities. These three concerns are the leading factors for cyber defense in global security. Cybercrime is on the rise across the globe as criminal organizations and likeminded actors gain easy access to skilled professionals and/or affordable commercial/free software. This type of crime is alluring and extremely lucrative due to low physical risk and very high rewards (Heickero, 2013). Another aspect of cybercrime is the theft of Intellectual Property (IP) and trade secrets. A great example of the theft of IP and impact is the study of CISCO versus Huawei routers and the growing takeover by China due to IP/Trade secret gains (Demchak, 2011). Though, the severity of IP is difficult to articulate due to the various intangible losses. A McAfee study shows that such crime plays a significant factor in â€Å"trade balances, national income, and jobs† which drastically impacts economic security (McAfee, 2014). States must also deal with cyber espionage, which is one of the most aggressive activities in cyberspace. Cyber espionage relates to both cybercrime and cyber warfare. Similar to the criminal theft of IP and trade secrets, cyber espionage is illicit access to confidential information held by government or other organizations. Such gains are used to support political, religious, commercial, or

Ethical Legal Dilemmas in Nursing Essay - 2393 Words

Ethical Legal Dilemma in Advanced Practice Nursing Ethical Legal Dilemma in Advanced Practice Nursing The profession of advanced practice nursing is characterized by several attributes, one of them being the delicate balance between the law and the ethical code. One may argue that the legal system was designed around ethical principles but in the following paper, the author will attempt to point out the distinctions that separate and define legal and ethical reasoning. A thorough discussion regarding legal interpretation, coherence and logic will be supported by case law as well as analysis. In contrast, the function, problem and logic of ethical reasoning will be outlined along with†¦show more content†¦As dermatologists are â€Å"allowed† to prescribe antipsychotic medications if they are â€Å"comfortable,† then regulatory law does not really apply in this situation. Previous cases have determined that there are several viable treatment possibilities, leaving the physician open to choosing the treatment that best suits the particular patient and their circumstances. Coherence in Legal Reasoning The consistency of legal reasoning can be attributed to its ability to explain how decision are made (Dickson, 2010). The decision by the NP to partake in a multidisciplinary approach to treatment abides by the underlying issues at hand. The patient is viewed as unstable and in need of psychiatric care as well as primary medical care for and apparent infection. These two diagnoses are considered during the treatment planning stage. Logic in Legal Reasoning By examining the relevant factors in a case, the NP must consider that the fiduciary gain of performing an unnecessary biopsy would support illogical reasoning in this case. 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Report on the Kwik Save

Question: Describe about the Report on the Kwik Save supermarket? Answer: Introduction This paper described the strategic management plan for further development for Kwik Save. So, this paper covers the external and internal analysis for Kwik Save supermarket. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the various aspect of strategic management plan in the perspective of growth and development. This plan must be concerned with provided case of Kwik Save supermarket in the United Kingdom. This paper enables to explain the portals analysis of Kwik Save supermarket. Kwik Save is retail or groceries sector organization which is founded by Albert Gubay. Paul Nikklas was director from 2006-2007. External analysis This chapter is evaluated the porters five forces analysis in the context of Kwik Save Group. These porters five forces are classified in five parts that are described below: Threat of new entrants: The UK grocery market, especially Swik Save is dominated by some competitors such as Sainsburys, Tesco, Safeway and Asda that dominate the 70 percent of market share. From last 30 years, grocery market transformed into the supermarket business. The economies of scale, capital requirement in the initial stage, customer or supply loyalty and experience are the main barriers for any new entries. These kinds of forces have potential to reduce the profit margin for grocery or supermarket chain and suppliers. UK based suppliers are also threatened by the growing skills and abilities that they can provide products at cheaper deals. (Narayanan Fahey 2005) Bargaining power of suppliers: These kinds of forces shows the bargaining powers of suppliers that can affect by grocery yard that threat of losing their business to the big scale of supermarket. So, stores such as Tesco and Asda communicating promotional prices from suppliers. Bargaining power of customers: These force presents the customer power in the business that customer is the kind of market. In the other words, customer is the wholesale of the market. So, we need to fulfill the customer desires or needs. If customer will be satisfied then it will come again and buy the new product from your stores. Threat of substitutes: It is able to reduce the demand for a specific product. There is lot of threat to switching the alternatives product. Swik Save is facing lot of challenges by the substitute product. Their closest competitor is providing same product in the cheaper price as compare to their own products. Bargaining power of competitors: Swik Save Supermarket competitor is providing very cheap product as compare to own product so we need to produce more quality product in cheaper price. Then, customer will attract with our product or services. (Narayanan Fahey 2005) Characteristics of the industrial sector of kwik save: These are the significant characters of the industrial sector of Kwik Save that is described below: Clear vision: Kwik Save Company has clear vision as well as industrial sector perspective. There is clarity about target group and value proportion. This clear vision of the Kwik Save improves the quality of the product or services that are offered by Kwik Save Company. Industry need to made clear vision to fulfill their objectives and goals. Further, vision plays an important role in the organization because it helps to brand building and innovation in technology. Execute: Execution is significant character of Kwik Save industrial sector. Without proper execution plan, organization is unable to raise their sales volume and profit margin. Industrial sector of Kwik Save produce many product or services that helps to improve quality of the specific product. If organization execution plan is not proper then it would be difficult to sales their product in the market. Nowadays, competition is increasing day to day. Develop strong culture and set of values: It is very hard to maintain excellent over time. It is easy to look decline or fuzzy. Kwik Save Company is always accompanied through strong culture and values. It helps to raise energy and support the vision and execution as the business matures. If industrial culture and their values will be good then it would helps to raise the Kwik Save brand image. Deliver emotional benefit: Most of companies such as Kwik Save have gone beyond to deliver emotional benefit. Kwik Save Company customers love of food using natural ingredients. Scale: Kwik Save Company needs to scale. The footprint is hard to expanding because its price is too high. Integrate social and environmental program: This is main character of the Kwik Save that is helpful to calculate the social and environmental program. If social and environment program will be merge that would be beneficial for organization growth and development. Compare and contrast the existing competitors with Kwik save: we would compare Kwik Save Company strength, weakness and trends with the Sainsbury and Asda organization that is described below: Sainsbury and Kwik Save: Sainsbury is the number three supermarket chain in the UK and it has 14.30 percent market share while Kwik Save became most popular brand and it is listed in FTSE 100 Index. Sainsbury company family member has around 15 percent market share of the organization while Kwik Save listed in FTSE 100 Index that mean everybody can buy their share and increase their share holding. Sainsbury examine main five field of growth such as great of at reasonable costs, raising number of complimentary food ranges, home delivery, reaching customers by additional channels, active property management and developing grocery market space while Kwik Save expanding their overall growth in the sales volume and profit margin perspective. Moreover, Sainsbury has two kinds of store format such as traditional and convenience stores. A general report said that it has 792 stores in 2009. Out of them, 502 are related to traditional supermarket and 290 related to convenience stores while Kwi k Save has short stores as compare to Sainsbury Company. Sainsburys store has more than 35000 products while Kwik Save has 5000 products. But, they are expanding their business. Kwik Save was the first organization which adopted scanning technology and EPOS to early in the retail sector while Sainsbury has adopted many net technology to raise their quality in product or services. Asda and Kwik Save: The average size of Kwik Save shop was less than 10000 square feet that is vey less as compare to its competitor food shops such as Asda. Kwik Save has second largest company in the UK market while Kwik Save most famous brand in grocery market. Asda stores started in the 1949 in Leeds while Sainsbury was established in 1959 in the Rhyl. Asda has British feeling in stores and determine from its parent family while Kwik Save has open minded company that is beyond from family member. It works for all kinds of customer and its board of member related to common people. Asda has 343 stores in the current times while Kwik Save has little less stores as compare to Asda and Sainsbury. Asda company presence in the North of England and expended its business in the South area of England while Kwik Save Company is popularized in the all over the England. Internal analysis In the regards of internal analysis, we would discuss the component of strategic capabilities of financial, human physical, comparison between strategic and threshold and porters value chain through VIRN frame to evaluate the improvement in the Swik Save. Strategic capability is the set of resource, capacities and skills which create competitive advantage for the firm. Further, strategic capabilities are the ability to employ competitive strategies which allow raising its value. It focuses on firms assets, market position and resources. Redundant, dynamic, threshold and distinctive capabilities are the component of the strategic capabilities. Here, redundant capabilities determines the computer or network system component such as hard disk drives, switches, fans, servers and telecommunication links which are installed to back up primary resources in case they fail. (Ferkins, Shilbury McDonald 2005) Swik Save is expanding their products that are related to redundant component of strategic capabilities. Dynamic capabilities are the ability firm to regenerate and restore its strategic capabilities to meet the desire of changing environments. Threshold capability means value that serves a benchmark for comparison which may call for compl ete review of the condition. Distinctive capabilities are the component that can dominate to achieve competitive advantage by relationships. Comparison between strategic/distinctive and threshold: The distinctive competencies are also known as core competencies that are unique and they wanted to make their companies rank higher as compare to their closest competitors while threshold capability set a benchmark for competitors. In the context of Kwik Save, both capabilities are the significant because Kwik Save is expanding their business so they can use both of them. Porters value chain: The idea of the value chain is the range of activities that involves production, marketing, design and distribution business to bring a product from conception to delivery. It is helpful to classify the occupation system into a value generating activities. Porters value chain analysis introduced in his book The Competitive Advantage. Porters advised that the firm is classified into primary and support activities. (Chyi-Lee Yang 2000) These are primary activities that are described below: Inbound logistic: In the regard of VRIN frame work, inbound logistic includes relationship with supplies. Transportation, testing, information system, material handling and material storage kinds of activities are required to receive, store and disseminate. Kwik Save stores expanding their product so they need to maintain all activities in a proper way. (Arline 2015) Operations: Operation activities need to make proper strategy for raw material and finished goods stock. Because of Kwik Save store is product based supermarket those have several product so they need to adopt proper method for operation to fulfill the Kwik Save growth and development. Outbound logistics: In the perspective of VRIN frame work, once products have been produced then they need to distribute to several centers such as retailers, customers and wholesalers. Outbound logistics is also called as distribution of finished goods. Marketing and Sales: After the distribution of the product, we need to sale the specific product in the specific areas. The marketing strategy is helpful to build an effective strategy in the Kwik Save Store. Services: After the sold of product of the Kwik Save store, they need to provide proper service facilities. Then, customer could trust on it. They should provide warranties and guarantees in their products to attract customer. (Arline 2015) Further, support activities help the primary activities to achieve their competitive advantage. Support activities are described below: Procurement: This department helps to arrange raw material in the minimum costs with best quality. If they will arrange raw material in the lowest cost then they can produce quality product with lower price. (Arline 2015) Technology development: The use of technology to gain competitive advantage is significant in current environment. Technology can reduce the cost. So, Kwik Save store adopted technology to raise their sales in the UK market. Human resource management: Supportive activities of the firm are to recruit, train and develop the correct people for the firm to be growth and development. If Kwik Save store will recruit well qualified employee then it would be good for organization success because qualified employees can read the customer desires and needs and it would be helpful in decision and policy making in the organization. Qualified employees can make proper plan as compare to unqualified employees. (Chyi-Lee Yang 2000) Firm infrastructure: Every firms desire to ensure their legal, management and finance structure work that helps to drive the firm forward. Swik Save Group has well designed infrastructure group in the worldwide. So, they are able to extend their business in the UK and abroad countries. (Arline 2015) Strategic recommendation TOWS matrix: TOWS metrics followed same process of SWOT analysis. It includes threats, opportunity, weakness and strength. In the regard of Kwik Save Company, it evaluates the threats about the company and try to rectify it before launched the product in the market. If they will find the threats from market and reduce it then they will search the opportunity. Those opportunities can reduce the weakness so they prefer the opportunity first. If those opportunities reduce the weakness of it then Kwik Save product became strength of it. Nowadays, companies following TOWS matrics instead of SWOT analysis. These are the analysis of the TOWS matrics that is described under the strategies of Kwik Save Company: Threats: This is main strategy of the Kwik Save Company that they determine the threats of the company first in their evaluation about company product or services. Sainsbury, Asda and Tesco are the main competitor of it that is big threats how to stable our company between the strongest competitors because they produces quality product with lower price. (Koontz 2010) Opportunity: Kwik Save expanding their product variety. Nowadays, they have more than 5000 product in their stores. They are increasing it day to day. Kwik Save strategies to increase their product variety as compare to their competitor because Sainsbury has more than 15000 products. Weakness: The main weak of the Kwik Save strategy is to that their product havent any brand image because their competitor such as Adsa and Sainsbury are very famous brand in grocery or supermarket sector. (Koontz 2010) Strength: The strength of the Kwik Save strategy is to that it is much popularized store in the UK zone. People like their product or services that raise their sales volume and profit margin. SAF criteria: It is very important in the criteria that affect the Kwik Save growth and development. It is also helpful in the strategy evaluation of Kwik Save Company. Kwik Save have lot of competitor such as Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury so Kwik Save need to adopt new product variety which is differ from their competitor that raise their brand image. Because Kwik Save has low fund as compare to their competitor instead of this it is producing unique and new product as per consumer demands. (Coles Porter 2011) Conclusion recommendation: From the above discussion, it can be concluded that clear external and internal analysis as well as high ability to adopt new technology in the Kwik Save Group helps it to maintain its competitive position in the all over the world. Our recommendation for the Kwik Save strategic management plan for development in the context of TWOS matrix that is following below: Kwik Save Group must adopt new technology to fulfill customer desires or needs. New technology means machinery that reduces the costs of product and produce high quantity which can satisfy customer requirement. Kwik Save supermarket should evaluate TWOS to provide better quality to their customers. Kwik Save should provide alternative source of new idea for customer who visits in the super market frequently. It will promote organization that will help to organization growth and development. Kwik Save Group should extend their business out of UK zone because people like their product and its demand is increasing constantly. If they will increase their business in abroad countries then all kinds of people bought it. It will raise their sales volume and profit margin. References Akehurst, G, Alexander, N, 2012, Retail Structure, Routledge, London. Arline, K, 2015, What Is A Value Chain Analysis? View 23 March, 2015, from https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5678-value-chain-analysis.html Barnes, D, 2001, Understanding Business: Processes, Psychology Press, London. Carol Matheson Connell, 2004, A Business in Risk: Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industry, Greenwood Publishing Group, California. Chyi-Lee, C, Yang, J, 2000, Knowledge value chain, Journal of management development, 19(9), 783-794. Coles, L, Porter, E, (2011). Policy and Strategy for Improving Health and Wellbeing, Sage Publication Inc, New York. Connell, CM, 2004, A Business in Risk: Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industry, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport. Daniel Miller, 2001, The Dialectics of Shopping, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Dransfield, R, Rob, DR, Needham, DD, 2005, GCE AS Level Applied Business Double Award for OCR, Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington. Drive, W, 2014, Kwik Save Group Plc- Company Profile, Information, Business Description, Ferkins, L, Shilbury, D, McDonald, G, 2005, The role of the board in building strategic capability: Towards an integrated model of sport governance research, Sport Management Review, 8(3), 195-225. History, Background Information On Kwik Save Group Plc, view 23 March, 2015, from https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/10/Kwik-Save-Group-plc.html Koontz, H, 2010, Essentials of Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Inc, New Jersey. McDonald, M, Smith, B, Ward, K, 2013, Marketing and Finance: Creating Shareholder Value, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. McDonald, M, Ward, K, Smith, BD, 2007, Marketing Due Diligence: Reconnecting Strategy to Share Price, Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington. Narayanan, VK, Fahey, L, 2005, The relevance of the institutional underpinnings of Porter's five forces framework to emerging economies: An epistemological analysis, Journal of Management Studies, 42(1), 207-223. Peppard, J, Ward, J, 2004, Beyond strategic information systems: towards an IS capability, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 13(2), 167-194. Porter, ME, Kramer, MR, 2011, Creating shared value, Harvard business review, 89(1/2), 62-77. Research, V, 2004, Who's who in Retailing, Kogan Page Publishers, London. Stonehouse, G, Houston, B, 2003, Business Strategy, Routledge, London. Tedlow, RS, Jones, GG, 2014, The Rise and Fall of Mass Marketing (RLE Marketing), Routledge, London. Thompson, JL, Martin, F, 2010, Strategic Management: Awareness Change, Cengage Learning EMEA, Hampshire. Widdop, K, 2012, Kwik Save Rises From Ashes As Buyers Open New Store Five Years After Chain Entered Administration, view 23 March, 2015, from https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2128220/Kwiksave-rises-ashes-buyers-open-new-store-years-chain-entered-administration.html

The Value of Qualitative Research Essays - Qualitative Research

The Value of Qualitative Research George Hinton SOC333: Research Methods Instructor: Risa Garelick 5/8/17 The intent of qualitative research is that of addressing questions relative to development of comprehension where humans' lives and social worlds are concerned by/through dimensions of meaning and experiences (2002). The key to good qualitative research is whether the subjective actions, meanings, and social contexts of the research participants are highlighted, as comprehended by them (2002). What is qualitative research? The term/word qualitative implies emphasis on definitions, traits, and methodologies that aren't looked at on an experimental level or possibly measured in terms of amount, quantity, frequency, or intensity (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000). Many behavioral and social scientists consider qualitative inquiry modes of research to be just as much viewpoint on approaching investigative research problems as it is a method (Denzin 2000). The three key elements that define a qualitative research study are: design, collection of data, and analysis. Each of these take on applied forms in the investigation of a research problem. The design of qualitative research may be naturalistic, emergent, or purposeful. The naturalistic design has a lack of predetermined restrictions concerning findings as the researcher is open to whatever it comes, how it comes. Simply stated, naturalistic references study of real-world scenarios as they naturally unfold. Emergent design refers to the acceptance of adapting the question as comprehension deepens and circumstances change; the researcher pursues new discovery paths as they unveil themselves. The purposeful design presents cases for research/examination because they are rich in information and shed light in terms of interest in the phenomenon/phenomena. These include: people, communities, cultures, events, and critical incidences. Collection of data falls into the categories of data, personal experience and engagement, empathic neutrality, and dynamic systems. With data, observations produce a detailed and deep comprehension by means of interviews capturing personal views from direct quotes or carefully conducted case studies as well as material culture review. With the personal experience and engagement, the researcher's personal insights/experiences bare significance to the query and are crucial to understanding the phenomenon; this stems from the researcher's direct contact with people and situations. Empathic neutrality involves mindfulness of being neutral rather than judgmental by displaying awareness, openness, respect, responsiveness, and sensitivity while working with study respondents in order to gain vicarious understanding. Dynamic systems involve the researcher being actively aware to system and situational dynamics. Attention to process is maintained and assumption is held that change is ongoing, whether the focal point, is an individual person, place, or culture as a whole. The third and final of the key elements of qualitative research is the analysis. The analysis has five types: 1. unique case orientation 2.inductive analysis 3.holistic perspective 4.context sensitive, 5.voice, perspective, and reflexivity. The unique case orientation holds the assumption that every case is unique and special. It entails an initial analysis which captures particulars of the case and a cross analysis which comes after, depending upon the case study quality. Inductive analysis starts with exploration and confirmation of findings. It is immersed in details and data specifics in order to uncover tendencies and relationships. Rather than following rules, inductive analysis is led by analytical principles. The holistic perspective is centered on the entire phenomenon being relative to complicated correlations and system dynamics which are unable to be minimized in any capacity to linear, cause and effect relationships and/or few discrete variables. The context sensitive analysis places findings in a social, historical, and temporal context. The researcher is careful and leery of the potential meaningfulness of generalizations by/through time and space. Emphasis is placed upon careful comparative analyses of cases as well as extrapolating patterns for potential adaptation and transferability in/of new environments. Lastly, the analysis of voice, perspective, and reflexivity is one in which the qualitative methodologist owns and is reflective about his/her own voice as well as his/her perspective. Authenticity and trust is demonstrated by a credible voice. Total neutrality is impossible and pure subjectivity undermines credibility. The focus of the researcher reflects a balance between understanding and depicting the world genuinely in its entire complexity and of being self-analytical, conscious politically, and reflexive in consciousness. Qualitative researchers place emphasis on the socially constructed nature of reality, the intimate relationship between the researcher and the entity studied, and the situational restrictions that shape the query (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000). These researchers stress the value-laden nature of inquiry, and they look for answers to questions that emphasize the means by which social experience is constructed and given meaning (2000). According to cultural anthropologist and ethnographer Brian A. Hoey, ethnography may be defined as a qualitative research process or method and product whose aim is cultural